HomeTarotHoroscopeDreamNumerology
🃏Tarot

The History & Principles of Tarot: From Mysticism to Psychology

9 min read · Beginner friendly

Tarot history is a history of Western symbolism. Tarot began in 15th-century Europe as a card game and gradually became a tool for divination. Its imagery weaves together Hermeticism, Kabbalah and Christian symbolism.

1. The Origins of Tarot

The history of tarot can be traced back to northern Italy in the 15th century. At first, tarot was not a divination tool but a card game enjoyed by the nobility, known as “Tarocchi”.

The earliest recorded tarot decks appeared in Ferrara, Italy, around 1442. These early decks were hand-painted, beautifully illustrated, and treasured as noble collectibles.

Historical timeline:

1440s — The earliest tarot decks appear in northern Italy

Late 15th century — Tarot spreads to France, giving rise to the Marseille deck

18th century — Occultists begin linking tarot to Kabbalah and astrology

1909 — The Rider–Waite–Smith deck is published and becomes the most popular version

Mid-20th century — Jungian psychology gives tarot a new interpretive framework

Today — Tarot serves as a tool for self-reflection and personal growth

Tarot’s evolution from card game to divination tool is, at heart, humanity’s ongoing discovery of the power of “visual storytelling”.

2. The Structure of a Tarot Deck

A standard tarot deck has 78 cards, divided into two parts:

Major Arcana (22 cards)

These represent life’s major themes and spiritual growth. From “The Fool” to “The World”, they trace one person’s complete journey from innocence to enlightenment.

Keywords: destiny, turning points, soul growth

Minor Arcana (56 cards)

These reflect everyday events, split into four suits — Wands, Cups, Swords and Pentacles — each with 14 cards (1–10 plus court cards).

Keywords: daily life, detail, practical matters

The four elements of the Minor Arcana:

🔥
Wands
Fire · passion · action
💧
Cups
Water · emotion · intuition
⚔️
Swords
Air · thought · conflict
💰
Pentacles
Earth · matter · work

3. The Major Arcana in Detail

The 22 Major Arcana cards represent the full arc of human spiritual growth. Here are all of them and their core meanings:

0
The Fool
New beginnings, adventure, innocence
I
The Magician
Creativity, skill, willpower
II
The High Priestess
Intuition, the subconscious, mystery
III
The Empress
Abundance, motherhood, nature
IV
The Emperor
Authority, structure, control
V
The Hierophant
Tradition, faith, guidance
VI
The Lovers
Love, choice, harmony
VII
The Chariot
Determination, victory, willpower
VIII
Strength
Courage, patience, inner strength
IX
The Hermit
Introspection, solitude, wisdom
X
Wheel of Fortune
Change, cycles, destiny
XI
Justice
Fairness, truth, cause and effect
XII
The Hanged Man
Sacrifice, new perspective, waiting
XIII
Death
Endings, transformation, rebirth
XIV
Temperance
Balance, moderation, patience
XV
The Devil
Bondage, temptation, materialism
XVI
The Tower
Upheaval, awakening, liberation
XVII
The Star
Hope, inspiration, serenity
XVIII
The Moon
Illusion, fear, the subconscious
XIX
The Sun
Joy, success, vitality
XX
Judgement
Rebirth, calling, forgiveness
XXI
The World
Completion, achievement, integration

4. The Theory Behind Tarot Reading

Modern tarot reading rests on three main theoretical frameworks:

1. The occult framework

This view holds that tarot carries hidden universal wisdom, and that the cards connect us to knowledge beyond ordinary consciousness. It links tarot to the Kabbalistic Tree of Life, astrology and alchemy.

Key figures: Éliphas Lévi, Aleister Crowley

2. The Jungian framework

Swiss psychologist Carl Jung argued that the archetypal images in tarot reflect the collective unconscious. Drawing a card becomes a form of “synchronicity” that helps us reach our inner depths.

Core concepts: collective unconscious, archetypes, synchronicity

3. The projection framework

Modern psychology treats tarot as a projective tool. The rich imagery sparks association and intuition, helping us clarify our thinking and surface hidden thoughts and feelings.

Uses: self-reflection, decision support, self-exploration

5. Common Tarot Spreads

1. Single-card draw

Draw one card for daily guidance or a quick answer to a specific question.

Best for: daily readings, fast decisions

2. Three-card spread (timeline)

Three cards represent past, present and future, revealing how a situation is unfolding.

Best for: spotting trends, analyzing a question

3. The Celtic Cross

The most classic spread, using 10 cards to explore every angle of a situation — the present, the challenge, the subconscious, the past, the future and more.

Best for: in-depth analysis, complex questions

6. How to Start Learning Tarot

  • ✅ Choose a deck that suits you (the Rider–Waite–Smith is recommended)
  • ✅ Learn the basic meanings of all 78 cards (start with the 22 Major Arcana)
  • ✅ Draw a single card each day as practice
  • ✅ Keep a journal of your readings to build intuition
  • ✅ Read classic tarot books to deepen your understanding
  • ✅ Use Prism’s AI tarot feature for professional readings

7. Keep Learning

Frequently Asked Questions

Tarot began in 15th-century northern Italy as a card game called "Tarocchi", played by the nobility. It was only from the 18th century onward that occultists reframed the deck as a divination and self-reflection tool, linking its imagery to Kabbalah, astrology and Hermetic symbolism.
A standard tarot deck has 78 cards: 22 Major Arcana that represent life’s big themes and spiritual lessons, and 56 Minor Arcana split into four suits (Wands, Cups, Swords, Pentacles) that cover everyday situations.
Not exactly. Modern tarot is most often used as a tool for reflection and insight rather than predicting fixed outcomes. Carl Jung’s ideas of archetypes and synchronicity, and the concept of psychological projection, explain much of why the imagery feels meaningful.
The Rider–Waite–Smith deck (published in 1909) is the most widely recommended starting point. Its scenes are illustrated on every card, which makes the meanings easier to learn and remember than pip-only decks.

📖 This content is generated with AI based on traditional divination models, for entertainment and educational purposes only, and does not constitute professional advice.